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Cleaner Air at the Fuel Pump

Vapor recovery with vacuum

All fuel stations have a certain smell. This heady aroma is vaporized gasoline, a highly volatile substance that is as bad for the health of those around it as it is for the environment. Many countries now require fuel stations to recapture these vapors during refueling. Vacuum pumps from Busch are used to return them to the underground fuel storage.

Gasoline evaporates extremely rapidly. It is a volatile substance with very weak molecular bonds, meaning it can become a gas even at room temperature. This is why vapor recovery at fuel stations is so important. Without it, the atmosphere around the pumps would quickly become dense with vaporized fuel, causing a risk of explosion, and sending these harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

A never-empty tank

Even if out of petrol, a vehicle’s fuel tank is never truly empty. The space that is not taken up by fuel is filled with air – but this air has many tiny particles of fuel suspended in it. When the tank is later refilled with gasoline, this air is pushed out. Every liter of fuel displaces a liter of air, so it needs somewhere to go. Vacuum technology from Busch is used to draw this air and the fuel droplets it contains back into the petrol station’s storage tank.

Fuel exchange

Inside the dispensing units at the fuel station, there is a vacuum pump from Busch that is responsible for drawing vaporized fuel back into the fuel station’s underground storage tanks. The nozzle has two holes: one to pump fuel out, and one to suction air in. It may also have a plastic or rubber guard to further reduce vapor leakage around the tank opening. When the motorist squeezes the handle to dispense fuel, this also switches on the vacuum pump. As the new fuel enters the tank, the vacuum pump pulls the displaced air out of the car tank and back into the petrol station’s underground storage. There, it condenses and recombines with the rest of the stored fuel.
How does a car’s fuel tank know when it is full?

Anyone who has filled up a car’s fuel tank knows the sound and feel – the audible and tangible “clunk” the nozzle makes when the tank reaches capacity. But how can the fuel pump know when to stop? A small but effective mechanical system ensures that motorists never overfill their vehicles. At the very tip of the nozzle, there is a small hole with a tube behind it. This is a venturi valve. As the tank is filled, air inside the tank is displaced and flows through this valve on its way through the vapor recovery system. The valve constricts the airflow slightly, meaning that the tube has a different pressure on either side. When the tank is full of fuel, liquid blocks the inlet, and air stops flowing. This causes a vacuum in the venturi valve. The change in pressure pulls a valve in the fuel line closed and stops the flow of fuel, letting the driver know their vehicle is ready for the open road.