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Information Through Tubes

Pneumatic tubes for speedy deliveries

More than a century before the internet made sending virtual data packets through cables an everyday activity, cities around the world were sending more substantial physical packets through tubes. Pneumatic tube systems transport documents and other small goods from one building to another, far faster than a person can walk. While many systems have been resigned to history, some are still in use today and are powered by vacuum pumps from Busch.

Urban areas connected by miles of pneumatic tubes: It sounds both futuristic and old fashioned. But at the turn of the 20th century, this was reality in many major cities around the world. City-wide networks meant that letters, documents, and small items could zoom from one building to another at breakneck speeds. But from intra-office memos to medication in a hospital, pneumatic tubes remain a popular method of getting items from point A to point B at great speed and with little fuss.

Sending and receiving

In its simplest form, a pneumatic system works with a sending station and a receiving station. The receiving station has a blower that can either generate vacuum or blast air. The document or item to be transported is closed inside a canister, usually aluminum or plastic, which fits snugly in the tube. It is inserted at the sending station and the tube is sealed. The receiving station uses vacuum to pull the cylinder gently but quickly through the pipes. The air flow can be reversed to return something back along the same route, blowing air behind the canister instead of suctioning. In larger and more complex pneumatic systems, like those in a hospital or factory, the circuit will consist of multiple blowers, sending and receiving stations, and transfer units to make sure each canister is delivered to the right place.

Pneumatic systems today

Nowadays, city-wide postal networks have been discontinued and most of the pipes dismantled. But many private systems have been maintained and new ones installed, with vacuum and blast air provided by vacuum pumps or blowers from Busch. They are most frequently found in large stores to transport cash safely from checkout to safe and are invaluable in hospitals to send drugs, samples, or patient information rapidly from one part of the hospital to another. And even office complexes use them – including at the Busch headquarters in Maulburg!
Moving lifesavers from A to B

In a hospital, where mere seconds can make the difference between life and death, speed is crucial. It is therefore no surprise that this is a place where large pneumatic tube systems can often be found. Hospitals are huge complexes: multiple buildings, multiple wings, multiple floors. Transporting time-sensitive samples – or even blood for emergency transfusions – on foot could take too long. But a pneumatic tube can transport canisters at a rate of between 3 and 7 meters per second, depending on the weight of the contents. Over a distance of 500 meters, the tube takes under 3 seconds, whereas a person would need around 6 minutes. As a result, pneumatic tubes give hospitals the possibility to transport anything that needs to go from A to B extremely rapidly, letting healthcare professionals concentrate on the care of their patients.