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Overpressure Puts Bacteria to Work

Efficient wastewater processing

Bacteria are the hidden heroes in wastewater treatment. These microscopic helpers, which are naturally present in sewage, help remove dissolved contaminants and make the water safe for reuse. In a municipal treatment plant, blowers from Busch provide the oxygen that helps them thrive.

City wastewater systems are vast infrastructures. Connecting every house, office and shop with intricate networks of pipes, sometimes up to hundreds of kilometers in length. Whenever a toilet is flushed, a bathtub is emptied, or a faucet is switched on, the resulting wastewater begins a journey through pipes, sewers, and wastewater processing stages before it can finally return to the natural environment.

Filtering and separating

With its passage through the sewers complete, the wastewater arrives at the municipal wastewater plant. Here it undergoes the first of several stages: screening. Wastewater can gather up all manner of debris – everything from wet wipes to tree branches. Screening removes these larger solids that could otherwise cause problems during treatment. Then, the wastewater collects in sediment tanks. This allows the liquid, known as effluent, and solids, or sewage sludge, to be separated: The sludge collects at the bottom of the tank, and the effluent continues to the next step. However, at this stage, it still contains dissolved organic matter. A second treatment is necessary – using a biological method called the activated sludge process.

A living sludge

Sewage sludge is full of bacteria and microbes. Over time, these gradually break down the solid waste. But the oxygen contained in the sludge is quickly used up, slowing the microbial activity. To keep the biodegrading process going, oxygen must be reintroduced. This is provided using a blower from Busch. The blower continuously injects air into the effluent to create a steady flow of tiny air bubbles. These bubbles rise through the wastewater and effectively distribute oxygen throughout the tank. The high concentration of oxygen stimulates bacterial growth and allows the microbes to thrive. They digest the dissolved impurities, and the more they eat, the more they multiply, making the process extremely efficient. As they grow in number, they form microcolonies. These drop to the bottom of the next stage, the settlement tank, effectively converting the dissolved matter into solids that can be removed. After one final filtration through a bed of sand, the water is clean and contaminant-free.
Wastewater sampling

Wherever there is a human population, there is wastewater. And wherever there are humans, there are also viruses and diseases. It is therefore logical to use one to examine the other. Wastewater sampling grew in importance during the COVID pandemic to identify hotspots, but the concept has existed for many years. By inspecting wastewater to see which bacteria and viruses it contains, health authorities can identify outbreaks of diseases like polio, cholera and typhoid without relying on the data provided by individual testing. This helps keep an eye on what would otherwise be “blind spots,” such as areas with insufficient healthcare or where testing rates are low. Monitoring can take place at a high level, such as across an entire city, or investigate what is happening in a particular building like a nursing home or school. Undetected spreads of diseases can therefore be identified so that appropriate action can be taken. This allows trends to be mapped and determined, enabling health authorities to be prepared and give the correct guidance to the general public.